Cosmetic chemicals are ingredients used in skincare, haircare, and personal care formulations to improve texture, stability, preservation, performance, and appearance. These may include preservatives, emulsifiers, surfactants, humectants, thickeners, and active ingredients.

When used in correct concentrations, cosmetic-grade chemicals help create safe and stable products.

Emulsifiers are ingredients that bind oil and water together in creams and lotions. Without emulsifiers, oil and water phases separate over time.

Emulsifying wax is a common example used in DIY moisturisers and conditioners.

Humectants are ingredients that help attract and retain moisture in the skin. Examples include glycerin and certain plant-based extracts.

They are commonly used in creams, serums, and haircare products.

Glycerin (also called glycerol) is a humectant commonly used in skincare and haircare products to attract and retain moisture. It helps keep skin hydrated and supports smoother texture in creams, lotions, soaps, and serums.

In DIY formulations, glycerin is typically used at 1% to 5% in creams and lotions, and higher percentages in transparent soaps. Cosmetic-grade glycerin is widely used in moisturisers, face masks, hair conditioners, and body washes.

Propylene glycol is a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient used as a humectant, solvent, and penetration enhancer in skincare and haircare products. It helps dissolve active ingredients and improves product texture and stability.

In DIY cosmetic formulations, propylene glycol is often used at 1% to 10%, depending on the product type. It is commonly added to serums, lotions, gels, and certain haircare formulations to improve ingredient absorption and moisture retention.